Loaders are a widely used type of construction machinery. We can see it everywhere in life. So, what knowledge do we not know about such a commonly used loader? This article focuses on introducing the basic overview, principle, classification, and application of loaders. Let's follow KOTAI to learn more!
A loader is a type of earthwork construction machinery widely used in construction projects such as highways, railways, buildings, hydropower, ports, and mines. It is mainly used to shovel and load loose materials such as soil, sand and gravel, lime, coal, etc. It can also perform light excavation operations on ores, hard soil, etc. Replacing with different auxiliary work devices can also be used for soil pushing, lifting, and loading and unloading of other materials such as wood.
Loaders can be divided into tire type loaders, track type loaders, etc., which have the advantages of fast operation speed, good mobility, and easy operation. Therefore, they have developed rapidly and become the main machinery in earthwork construction.
The structural principle of the loader:
As an organic whole, the performance of a loader is not only related to the mechanical components of the working device, but also to the performance of the hydraulic system and control system. Power system: The main power of a loader is generally provided by a diesel engine, which has the characteristics of reliable operation, hard power characteristic curve, fuel economy, etc., and meets the requirements of harsh working conditions and variable loads of loaders. Mechanical system: mainly including walking device, steering mechanism, and working device. Hydraulic system: The function of this system is to convert the mechanical energy of the engine into hydraulic energy using fuel as the medium, and then transmit it to cylinders, oil motors, etc. to convert it into mechanical energy. Control system: The control system is a system that controls the engine, hydraulic pump, multiple directional valve, and actuator components. Hydraulic control drive mechanism is a device in hydraulic control systems that converts small power electrical or mechanical energy into powerful hydraulic and mechanical energy. It consists of hydraulic power amplifier components, hydraulic actuator components, and loads, and is the core of static and dynamic analysis in hydraulic systems.
Classification of loaders:
1. Classified by walking mode:
(1) Crawler type: low ground to ground ratio, high traction, but slow driving speed and inflexible transfer
.
(2) Tire type: fast driving speed, flexible mobility, can be used on urban roads, convenient to use.
2. Classified by body structure:
(1) Rigid structure: With a large turning radius but fast driving speed.
(2) Articulated structure: With a small turning radius, it can work in narrow areas.
3. Classified by rotation method:
(1) Full rotation: can operate in narrow areas, and there are no strict requirements for the parking position of machinery during unloading.
(2) 90 ° rotation: can unload materials at any position within a semi-circular range, and can also play a role in narrow areas.
(3) Non rotating: requires a wider work area.
4. Classified by transmission mode:
(1) Mechanical transmission: The traction force cannot automatically change with external load changes, making it inconvenient to use.
(2) Hydraulic mechanical transmission: The range of changes in traction and vehicle speed is large, and as the external resistance increases, the vehicle speed can automatically decrease. Hydraulic mechanical transmission can reduce impact, reduce dynamic load, and protect the machine.
(3) Hydraulic transmission: It can fully utilize engine power, reduce fuel consumption, and improve productivity, but the range of speed changes is narrow and the speed is low.
The purpose of the loader:
Loaders are mainly used to shovel, load, unload, transport loose materials such as soil and stones, and can also perform light excavation operations on rocks and hard soil. If a different working device is used, it can also complete tasks such as pushing soil, lifting, and loading and unloading other materials. In highway construction, it is mainly used for filling and excavation of roadbed engineering, as well as aggregate and loading operations in asphalt and cement concrete material yards.
Article source: Tiejia Net
